Republican of Kazakhistan

The capital:             ['astaanh]

The inhabitants enumerated:             16,741,519 breath of air (estimate of July 2002)

The language:            [aalkaazaaxyt] (the official language). The language is Russian spoken occasionally

The sweat:            [aalkaazaaxy], Russian, Ukrainian, German, [aal'awzbky], [aaltaataar] [waalbylaarwsyaan]

The climate:             Hot pull summery and the cold is wintry. Temperature 45 degree centennial in the summer and 45 - centigrade

                                     In the winter

Regime of the governing:             The republican

The economy                        

- the currency:             [tnj]

- [aalmwaaryd]:             Carbonized, iron ore, manganese, [bwksaayt], chrome, tungsten, uranium, oil and gas of natural

The religion:             The Islam

History

As a republic within the USSR (1920-91), Kazakhstan suffered greatly from Stalinist purges, from environmental damage, and saw the ethnic Russian portion of its population rise to 37% while other non-Kazakhs made up almost 20%. Current issues include the pace of market reform and privatization; fair and free elections and democratic reform; ethnic differences between Russians and Kazakhs; environmental problems; and how to convert the country's abundant energy resources into a better standard of living.