Nation
of Palestine
The
capital:
Jerusalem
The
inhabitants enumerated:
3,5 million breath of air (estimate 2003)
The
language:
[aale'rbyt] and the Hebrew
The
sweat:
The Palestinian and the Hebrew
The
climate:
Pull hot in the summer and the cold in the winter
Regime
of the governing:
Area of autonomist
The
economy
-
the currency:
The Jordanian Dinar
-
[aalmwaaryd]:
Fruit of acidic
The
religion:
The Islam and the Jew and Christ
Hisory
Paleolithic and Mesolithic period. Earliest human remains in the area (found south of the Lake of Tabariyya), date back to ca. 600,000 BC.
10,000 - 5,000
Neolithic period. Establishment of settled agricultural communities.
5,000 - 3,000
Chalcolithic period. Copper and stone tools and artifacts from this period found near Jericho, Bi'r As-Sabi' and the Dead Sea.
3,000 - 2,000
Early Bronze Age.Arrival and settlement of the Canaanites (3,000 - 2,500 BC)
ca. 1,250
Israelite conquest of Canaan.
965 - 928
King Solomon (Sulayman), construction of the temple in Jerusalem.
928
Division of the Israelite state into the kingdom of Israel and Judah.
721
Assyrian conquest of the kingdom of Israel.
586
Judah defeated by Babylonians under Nebuchadnezzar, deportation of its population to Babylon and destruction of the temple.
539
Persians conquer Babylonia, allowance of deportees to return and construction of a new temple.
333
Alexander the Great conquers Persia and Palestine comes under the Greek rule.
323
Alexander the Great dies, alternate rule by Ptolemies of Egypt and Seleucids of Syria.
165
Maccabees revolt against the Seleucid ruler (Antiochus Epiphanes) and establish an independent state.
63
Incorporation of Palestine into the Roman Empire.
A.D.
70
Destruction of the second temple by the Roman Emperor Titus.
132-135
Suppression of the Bar Kokhba revolt. Jews barred from Jerusalem and Emperor Hadrian builds a pagan city on its ruins.
330-638
Palestine under Byzantine rule, Christianity spreads.
638
Omar ibn al-Khattaab enters Jerusalem and ends the Byzantine rule.
661-750
Palestine administered by the Umayyad chaliphs from Damascus and construct the Dome of the Rock ('Abd al-Malik, 685-705) and Al-Aqsa in its current shape (al-Walid, 705-715).
750-1258
Palestine administered from Baghdad by the'Abbasid caliphs.
969
Palestine administered by the Fatimids from Egypt as rivals to Baghdad.
1071
Saljuqs (originally from Isfahan) rule Jerusalem and parts of Palestine (officially still under the 'Abbasids).
1099-1187
The Crusaders arrive and establish the "Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem".
1187
Salah al-Diin al-Ayyoubi (from Kurdistan) conquers the crusaders in the battle of Hittin, kicks them back to Europe and frees Jerusalem. Palestine administered from Cairo.
1260
The Mamluks succeed the Ayyubis, continue to administer Palestine from Cairo and kick the Mongols in the battle of 'Ayn Jaluut near An-Nasira.
1291
The Mamluks (Khalil bin Qalawuun) conquer the last crusader stronghold in Akka and Qisariya.
1516-1917
Palestine incorporated into the Ottoman state and administered from Istanbul.
1832-1840
Moh'd Ali Pasha (Egypt) rules Palestine, Ottomans take over afterwards.
1876-1877
First Palestinian deputies from Jerusalem attend the first Ottoman parliament.
1878
First Zionist settlement (Petach Tiqva) established under the guise of agricultural community.
1882-1903
First wave of Zionists (25000 strong) enters Palestine as illegal immigrants from Eastern Europe.
1882
French Baron E. de Rothschild starts backing Zionists activities in Palestine financially.
1887-1888
Ottomans divide Palestine into three districts: Jerusalem (follows Istanbul) , Akka and Nablus (follow the 'wilaya' of Beirut).
1896
Theodor Hertzl, a journalist from an Austro-Hungarian origin published Der Judenstaat (The Jewish State) advocating the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine or elsewhere.
1896
JCA (Jewish Coloniation Association) starts aiding Zionist settlements in Palestine.
1897
First Zionist congress in Switzerland issues the Bāle Program "calling for a home for the Jewish people in Palestine" and establishes the WZO (World Zionist Organization to that end.
1901
JNF (Jewish National Fund) set up by the 5th Zionist congress to acquire land (in Palestine) and 'make it Jewish'.
1904-1914
Second wave (around 40000 strong) of Zionist illegal immigrants arrive in Palestine and increase the Jewish percentage to 6% of the total population.
1909
First Zionist Kibbutz (collective farm), establishment of Tel Aviv north of Yaafa.
1993
The Israel-PLO Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements (the DOP), signed in Washington on 13 September 1993, provided for a transitional period not exceeding five years of Palestinian interim self-government in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank.
Under the DOP, Israel agreed to transfer certain powers and responsibilities to the Palestinian Authority, which includes the Palestinian Legislative Council elected in January 1996, as part of the interim self-governing arrangements in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. A transfer of powers and responsibilities for the Gaza Strip and Jericho took place pursuant to the Israel-PLO 4 May 1994 Cairo Agreement on the Gaza Strip and the Jericho Area and in additional areas of the West Bank pursuant to the Israel-PLO 28 September 1995 Interim Agreement, the Israel-PLO 15 January 1997 Protocol Concerning Redeployment in Hebron, the Israel-PLO 23 October 1998 Wye River Memorandum, and the 4 September 1999 Sharm el-Sheikh Agreement. The DOP provides that Israel will retain responsibility during the transitional period for external security and for internal security and public order of settlements and Israeli citizens. Permanent status is to be determined through direct negotiations, which resumed in September 1999 after a three-year hiatus.
An intifadah broke out in September 2000; the resulting widespread violence in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, Israel's military response, and instability in the Palestinian Authority are undermining progress toward a permanent settlement.